Math & Scientific calculators
Work through arithmetic, algebra, geometry, statistics, physics, and engineering quantities.
Tool map
What are you trying to work out?
The Math & Scientific calculators cover the quantities that show up in everyday arithmetic, geometry, statistics, physics, and engineering — from a quick percentage markup to the current flowing through a resistor. Instead of one tool that tries to do everything, this family keeps operations separated: the Percentage Calculator handles percent-of, percent-of-what, and percent change, the Fraction Calculator adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides fractions with simplified results and mixed numbers, the Circle Calculator derives radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one measurement, and the Ohm’s Law Calculator solves for voltage, current, resistance, or power in a resistive circuit. Each tool is a focused formula with a worked example, so the math is transparent rather than a black box.
The way to choose is to match the tool to the quantity or operation in your problem. If your question is “how much is X percent of Y” or “what percent is A of B,” start with the percentage tool; if it is about parts of a whole expressed as fractions, use the fraction tool; if it is about a round object’s size, the circle tool; if it is about a circuit’s voltage or current, the Ohm’s law tool. For a list of numbers you want to summarize, a statistics calculator gives the mean, median, and standard deviation in one pass. Before entering anything, make sure your units are consistent — a scientific formula only returns meaningful results when every input uses the same unit system, and the calculators make that easy by letting you confirm the units alongside the values.
A formula is only as good as the assumptions baked into it. The circle calculator assumes a perfect geometric circle; the Ohm’s law calculator assumes an ideal resistive circuit with constant resistance; a statistics result describes the sample you fed it, not necessarily the wider population. Real-world measurements rarely match idealized inputs exactly, and rounding in a chained calculation can drift from the true answer, so treat results as checked arithmetic rather than guarantees about the physical world. When the quantity you actually have is a physical unit that needs converting — density, mass, or length, say — the conversion tools are the better fit, and when your question is about your own body or health, personal and health calculators are the right place to start.
Arithmetic & algebra
17Numbers, fractions, percentages, sequences, and equations.
Updated
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages · Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator · Cross Product Calculator
Geometry
2Shapes, angles, coordinates, area, and volume.
Updated
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area · Half Angle Calculator
Statistics & probability
1Distributions, samples, probability, and descriptive statistics.
Updated
Statistics Calculator
Physics & engineering
4Motion, forces, electricity, waves, and physical properties.
Updated
Newton to Joules Calculator (W = F × d) · Ohm's Law Calculator · PPI Calculator
More math & science
4Additional mathematical and scientific tools.
Updated
Color Format Converter Calculator · Long Division Calculator: Steps, Quotient & Remainder · Matrix Calculator
A useful place to start
Pick the topic that matches the quantity or operation in your problem. Keep units consistent before using a scientific formula.
Percentage Calculator
Calculate percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, and percent change with clear formulas, examples, domains, and interpretation.
Fraction Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with simplified results, mixed numbers, decimal values, denominator rules, and worked examples.
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive measurement, with formulas, unit rules, inverse cases, and checked arithmetic.
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages
Find the average of two to five percentages, with the simple mean formula, equal-weight guidance, and when weighted totals are the honest answer.
Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal and hexadecimal digits to binary while understanding four-bit grouping, base 2, base 16, padding, and width limits.
Color Format Converter Calculator
Convert screen colors between RGB, HEX, and HSL while understanding channel ranges, hexadecimal encoding, hue, saturation, lightness, and CSS-ready output.
Cross Product Calculator
Calculate the 3D cross product vector, components, and magnitude, with determinant derivation, right-hand-rule interpretation, units, and edge cases.
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels
Convert decibels to power or amplitude ratios, convert ratios back to dB, and combine two sound levels with logarithmic formulas and safety context.
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Percentage Calculator
Calculate percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, and percent change with clear formulas, examples, domains, and interpretation.
Fraction Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with simplified results, mixed numbers, decimal values, denominator rules, and worked examples.
Weighted GPA Calculator
Calculate weighted and unweighted GPA from course grades and credits using clearly stated illustrative bonuses for honors and AP or IB courses.
Most used
Popular in Math & Scientific
Scale Converter Calculator
Convert real-world measurements to model dimensions and model dimensions back to real size using a 1:X scale ratio and clearly labeled length units, with named presets for architectural drawing scales and model railroad scales.
PPI Calculator
Calculate display pixels per inch from pixel width, pixel height, and diagonal size, with aspect ratio, pixel diagonal, and screen area context.
Matrix Calculator
Perform fixed 2 by 2 matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, determinant, and transpose with formulas, examples, and singular-matrix notes.
Percentage Calculator
Calculate percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, and percent change with clear formulas, examples, domains, and interpretation.
Random Number Generator
Generate pseudo-random integers or decimals within a chosen range, with optional no-duplicate draws for everyday sampling, games, and classroom examples.
Molarity Calculator
Calculate molarity from moles of solute and liters of solution, with amount concentration definition, units, lab cautions, and checked examples.
Fresh updates
Recently updated in Math & Scientific
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages
Find the average of two to five percentages, with the simple mean formula, equal-weight guidance, and when weighted totals are the honest answer.
Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal and hexadecimal digits to binary while understanding four-bit grouping, base 2, base 16, padding, and width limits.
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive measurement, with formulas, unit rules, inverse cases, and checked arithmetic.
Color Format Converter Calculator
Convert screen colors between RGB, HEX, and HSL while understanding channel ranges, hexadecimal encoding, hue, saturation, lightness, and CSS-ready output.
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels
Convert decibels to power or amplitude ratios, convert ratios back to dB, and combine two sound levels with logarithmic formulas and safety context.
Half Angle Calculator
Calculate sine, cosine, and tangent of half an angle in degrees, with half-angle identities, quadrant signs, domain limits, and a checked example.
Freshly verified
Recently verified in Math & Scientific
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages
Find the average of two to five percentages, with the simple mean formula, equal-weight guidance, and when weighted totals are the honest answer.
Verified
Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal and hexadecimal digits to binary while understanding four-bit grouping, base 2, base 16, padding, and width limits.
Verified
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive measurement, with formulas, unit rules, inverse cases, and checked arithmetic.
Verified
Color Format Converter Calculator
Convert screen colors between RGB, HEX, and HSL while understanding channel ranges, hexadecimal encoding, hue, saturation, lightness, and CSS-ready output.
Verified
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels
Convert decibels to power or amplitude ratios, convert ratios back to dB, and combine two sound levels with logarithmic formulas and safety context.
Verified
Half Angle Calculator
Calculate sine, cosine, and tangent of half an angle in degrees, with half-angle identities, quadrant signs, domain limits, and a checked example.
Verified
Side-by-side guides
Comparisons in Math & Scientific
Average Percentage vs Statistics Calculator
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages vs Statistics Calculator
Compare the average percentage and statistics calculators: one computes the equal-weight mean of a few percentages, the other summarizes a whole data set with spread and order statistics.
Updated
Average Percentage vs Weighted Average
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages vs Weighted Average Calculator
Compare the average percentage calculator's equal-weight mean of percentages with the weighted average calculator's mean weighted by importance, credits, or sample size.
Updated
Binary vs Binary to Hexadecimal
Binary Converter vs Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Compare the multi-base Binary Converter with the focused binary-to-hexadecimal tool: four-base conversion with arbitrary-size unsigned integers versus dedicated four-bit nibble grouping with a 16-bit limit.
Updated
Circle vs Area Converter Calculator
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area vs Area Converter Calculator
Compare circle and area converter: one derives radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive circle measurement, the other restates a known area among square inches, square feet, acres, hectares, and metric units.
Updated
Color Format Converter vs RGB to HEX Converter
Color Format Converter Calculator vs RGB, HEX & HSL Converter
Compare the color format converter and the RGB to HEX converter: both translate screen colors among RGB, HEX, and HSL, but with different validation rules, directions, and rounding.
Updated
Decibel Calculator vs Sound Level Converter
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels vs Sound Level Converter (dB, Phon, Sone)
Compare the decibel calculator's logarithmic dB math — ratio conversion and combining sound levels — with the sound level converter's dB, phon, and sone loudness-scale translation.
Updated
Frequently asked questions
- What does the average percentage calculator do?
- It calculates the simple arithmetic mean of two to five percentage values. Each entered percentage receives equal weight, so the calculator adds the selected percentages and divides by the number of values included in the calculator, then reports the result as a percent.
- When is a simple average of percentages valid?
- A simple average is valid when each percentage represents an equally important unit or the same denominator size. Examples include equally weighted assignments, repeated tests with the same maximum score, or monthly rates that you intentionally want to weight equally.
- When should I not average percentages directly?
- Do not directly average percentages that come from different denominators if each underlying observation should count equally. For example, averaging a class rate from 10 students with a class rate from 200 students gives the small class too much influence.
Complete tool list
All 28 Math & Scientific tools
28 of 28 calculators
Arithmetic & algebra17 calculators
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages
Find the average of two to five percentages, with the simple mean formula, equal-weight guidance, and when weighted totals are the honest answer.
Updated
Verified
Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal and hexadecimal digits to binary while understanding four-bit grouping, base 2, base 16, padding, and width limits.
Updated
Verified
Cross Product Calculator
Calculate the 3D cross product vector, components, and magnitude, with determinant derivation, right-hand-rule interpretation, units, and edge cases.
Updated
Verified
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels
Convert decibels to power or amplitude ratios, convert ratios back to dB, and combine two sound levels with logarithmic formulas and safety context.
Updated
Verified
Fraction Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with simplified results, mixed numbers, decimal values, denominator rules, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
Molarity Calculator
Calculate molarity from moles of solute and liters of solution, with amount concentration definition, units, lab cautions, and checked examples.
Updated
Verified
Percent Off Calculator
Calculate sale price and savings from an original price and advertised percent-off discount, with clear formulas for markdowns, stacked deals, tax, and final cost.
Updated
Verified
Percent to Goal Calculator
Calculate percent complete, remaining amount, percent remaining, and goal exceeded status for fundraising, savings, quotas, tasks, and measurable targets.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Calculator
Calculate percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, and percent change with clear formulas, examples, domains, and interpretation.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Change Calculator
Calculate percent increase or decrease from an original value to a new value, with absolute change and clear guidance on baseline, sign, and zero-value limits.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Difference Calculator
Compare two values symmetrically with percentage difference, using the average baseline rather than an old or new value.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Increase Calculator
Find the new value after adding a known percentage increase to an original value, with formulas, examples, edge cases, and comparison guidance.
Updated
Verified
Random Number Generator
Generate pseudo-random integers or decimals within a chosen range, with optional no-duplicate draws for everyday sampling, games, and classroom examples.
Updated
Verified
Scale Converter Calculator
Convert real-world measurements to model dimensions and model dimensions back to real size using a 1:X scale ratio and clearly labeled length units, with named presets for architectural drawing scales and model railroad scales.
Updated
Verified
Scientific Notation Calculator & Converter
This scientific notation converter and calculator converts decimal numbers to scientific notation or expands scientific notation back to standard form, with E notation, exponent rules, examples, and edge-case guidance.
Updated
Verified
Weighted Average Calculator
Perform a weighted average calculation (weighted mean) for grades, portfolios, lab measurements, survey scores, and any dataset where entries carry unequal importance.
Updated
Verified
Weighted GPA Calculator
Calculate weighted and unweighted GPA from course grades and credits using clearly stated illustrative bonuses for honors and AP or IB courses.
Updated
Verified
Geometry2 calculators
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive measurement, with formulas, unit rules, inverse cases, and checked arithmetic.
Updated
Verified
Half Angle Calculator
Calculate sine, cosine, and tangent of half an angle in degrees, with half-angle identities, quadrant signs, domain limits, and a checked example.
Updated
Verified
More math & science4 calculators
Color Format Converter Calculator
Convert screen colors between RGB, HEX, and HSL while understanding channel ranges, hexadecimal encoding, hue, saturation, lightness, and CSS-ready output.
Updated
Verified
Long Division Calculator: Steps, Quotient & Remainder
Long division with steps: divide positive whole numbers to get quotient and remainder, plus a decimal check, domain rules, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
Matrix Calculator
Perform fixed 2 by 2 matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, determinant, and transpose with formulas, examples, and singular-matrix notes.
Updated
Verified
Slope Calculator
Calculate the slope between two points, identify rise and run, interpret positive, negative, zero, and undefined slopes, and connect slope to linear rates of change.
Updated
Verified
Physics & engineering4 calculators
Newton to Joules Calculator (W = F × d)
Calculate newtons to joules: mechanical work in joules from force in newtons and distance in meters (W = F × d), with formulas, examples, and physics context.
Updated
Verified
Ohm's Law Calculator
Solve voltage, current, resistance, and power for simple resistive circuits using Ohm's Law, unit conversions, domain limits, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
PPI Calculator
Calculate display pixels per inch from pixel width, pixel height, and diagonal size, with aspect ratio, pixel diagonal, and screen area context.
Updated
Verified
Relative Velocity Calculator
Calculate relative velocity from two speeds and the angle between their velocity vectors, with units, vector formula, examples, and edge-case guidance.
Updated
Verified
Statistics & probability1 calculator
Average Percentage Calculator: Simple Mean of 2 to 5 Percentages
Find the average of two to five percentages, with the simple mean formula, equal-weight guidance, and when weighted totals are the honest answer.
Updated
Verified
Binary to Hexadecimal Calculator
Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal and hexadecimal digits to binary while understanding four-bit grouping, base 2, base 16, padding, and width limits.
Updated
Verified
Circle Calculator: Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Area
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one positive measurement, with formulas, unit rules, inverse cases, and checked arithmetic.
Updated
Verified
Color Format Converter Calculator
Convert screen colors between RGB, HEX, and HSL while understanding channel ranges, hexadecimal encoding, hue, saturation, lightness, and CSS-ready output.
Updated
Verified
Cross Product Calculator
Calculate the 3D cross product vector, components, and magnitude, with determinant derivation, right-hand-rule interpretation, units, and edge cases.
Updated
Verified
Decibel Calculator: dB to Ratio & Combine Sound Levels
Convert decibels to power or amplitude ratios, convert ratios back to dB, and combine two sound levels with logarithmic formulas and safety context.
Updated
Verified
Fraction Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with simplified results, mixed numbers, decimal values, denominator rules, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
Half Angle Calculator
Calculate sine, cosine, and tangent of half an angle in degrees, with half-angle identities, quadrant signs, domain limits, and a checked example.
Updated
Verified
Long Division Calculator: Steps, Quotient & Remainder
Long division with steps: divide positive whole numbers to get quotient and remainder, plus a decimal check, domain rules, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
Matrix Calculator
Perform fixed 2 by 2 matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication, determinant, and transpose with formulas, examples, and singular-matrix notes.
Updated
Verified
Molarity Calculator
Calculate molarity from moles of solute and liters of solution, with amount concentration definition, units, lab cautions, and checked examples.
Updated
Verified
Newton to Joules Calculator (W = F × d)
Calculate newtons to joules: mechanical work in joules from force in newtons and distance in meters (W = F × d), with formulas, examples, and physics context.
Updated
Verified
Ohm's Law Calculator
Solve voltage, current, resistance, and power for simple resistive circuits using Ohm's Law, unit conversions, domain limits, and worked examples.
Updated
Verified
Percent Off Calculator
Calculate sale price and savings from an original price and advertised percent-off discount, with clear formulas for markdowns, stacked deals, tax, and final cost.
Updated
Verified
Percent to Goal Calculator
Calculate percent complete, remaining amount, percent remaining, and goal exceeded status for fundraising, savings, quotas, tasks, and measurable targets.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Change Calculator
Calculate percent increase or decrease from an original value to a new value, with absolute change and clear guidance on baseline, sign, and zero-value limits.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Difference Calculator
Compare two values symmetrically with percentage difference, using the average baseline rather than an old or new value.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Increase Calculator
Find the new value after adding a known percentage increase to an original value, with formulas, examples, edge cases, and comparison guidance.
Updated
Verified
Percentage Calculator
Calculate percent of a number, what percent one value is of another, and percent change with clear formulas, examples, domains, and interpretation.
Updated
Verified
PPI Calculator
Calculate display pixels per inch from pixel width, pixel height, and diagonal size, with aspect ratio, pixel diagonal, and screen area context.
Updated
Verified
Random Number Generator
Generate pseudo-random integers or decimals within a chosen range, with optional no-duplicate draws for everyday sampling, games, and classroom examples.
Updated
Verified
Relative Velocity Calculator
Calculate relative velocity from two speeds and the angle between their velocity vectors, with units, vector formula, examples, and edge-case guidance.
Updated
Verified
Scale Converter Calculator
Convert real-world measurements to model dimensions and model dimensions back to real size using a 1:X scale ratio and clearly labeled length units, with named presets for architectural drawing scales and model railroad scales.
Updated
Verified
Scientific Notation Calculator & Converter
This scientific notation converter and calculator converts decimal numbers to scientific notation or expands scientific notation back to standard form, with E notation, exponent rules, examples, and edge-case guidance.
Updated
Verified
Slope Calculator
Calculate the slope between two points, identify rise and run, interpret positive, negative, zero, and undefined slopes, and connect slope to linear rates of change.
Updated
Verified
Statistics Calculator
Summarize a numeric data set with mean, median, mode, range, sample variance, sample standard deviation, sum, minimum, and maximum.
Updated
Verified
Weighted Average Calculator
Perform a weighted average calculation (weighted mean) for grades, portfolios, lab measurements, survey scores, and any dataset where entries carry unequal importance.
Updated
Verified
Weighted GPA Calculator
Calculate weighted and unweighted GPA from course grades and credits using clearly stated illustrative bonuses for honors and AP or IB courses.
Updated
Verified